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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Abrikosov vortex ： ウィキペディア英語版 Abrikosov vortex In superconductivity, an Abrikosov vortex is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957.〔Abrikosov, A. A. (1957). (The magnetic properties of superconducting alloys ). Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2(3), 199-208.〕 The supercurrent circulates around the normal (i.e. non-superconducting) core of the vortex. The core has a size $\backslash sim\backslash xi$ — the superconducting coherence length (parameter of a Ginzburg-Landau theory). The supercurrents decay on the distance about $\backslash lambda$ (London penetration depth) from the core. Note that in type-II superconductors $\backslash lambda>\backslash xi$. The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum $\backslash Phi\_0$. Therefore, an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon. The magnetic field distribution of a single vortex far from its core can be described by $$ B(r) = \fracK_0\left(\frac\right) \approx \sqrt} \exp\left(-\frac\right), where $K\_0(z)$ is a zeroth-order Bessel function. Note that, according to the above formula, at $r\; \backslash to\; 0$ the magnetic field $B(r)\backslash propto\backslash ln(\backslash lambda/r)$, i.e. logarithmically diverges. In reality, for $r\backslash lesssim\backslash xi$ the field is simply given by $$ B(0)\approx \frac\ln\kappa, where ''κ'' = ''λ/ξ'' is known as the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, which must be $\backslash kappa>1/\backslash sqrt$ in type-II superconductors. Abrikosov vortices can be trapped in a type-II superconductor by chance, on defects, etc. Even if initially type-II superconductor contains no vortices, and one applies a magnetic field $H$ larger than the lower critical field $H\_$ (but smaller than the upper critical field $H\_$), the field penetrates into superconductor in terms of Abrikosov vortices. Each vortex carries one thread of magnetic field with the flux $\backslash Phi\_0$. Abrikosov vortices form a lattice, usually triangular, with the average vortex density (flux density) approximately equal to the externally applied magnetic field. As with other lattices, defects may form as dislocations. ==See also== * Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov * Flux pinning * Ginzburg-Landau theory * Macroscopic quantum phenomena * Pinning force * Type-II superconductor 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abrikosov vortex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.